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The Derzhava ((ロシア語:Держава), English translation: ''Orb'') was a royal yacht of the House of Romanov. It was laid down in 1866 and launched in 1871. The ''Derzhava'' (Baltic Sea) and the ''Livadia'' (Black Sea) were the last wooden paddle steamers built for the Romanovs. The ''Derzhava'' served the Romanovs intil 1898, when she was converted into a training ship and renamed ''Dvina''.〔 The ''Derzhava'' was laid down at the New Admiralty, Saint Petersburg by Alexander II of Russia. I. S. Dmitriev was appointed as master shipwright. The design of ''Derzhava'' was based on the British royal yacht HMY ''Victoria and Albert II''. She was launched five years later, in July 1871. Her two steam engines, of local design and make, were rated at 720 horsepowers, and enabled maximum speed of 16.72 knots.〔 The deck of the ''Derzhava'' had two raised penthouses: the Emperor's in the back and the General Admiral's in the fore. The interiors of the imperial suites, furniture and tableware were designed by Ippolit Monighetti. Contract for the figurehead was awarded Mikhail Mikeshin. Originally, Mikeshin proposed installing a female allegory of Russia wielding armor and the orb, the ships' namesake, but in 1867 Alexander dismissed the proposal and instructed Mikeshin to shape the standard double-headed eagle. Mikeshin made it by July 1870, yet his sculpture was radically different from the ordinary omnipresent state eagles.〔 The ''Derzhava'' had a crew of no less than 200 men. In 1888 she employed 238 men: 93 mechanics and stokers, 65 musicians, 15 choir singers, etc. not including the royal retinue of at least fifty.〔 The ''Derzhava'' operated as a yacht until 1898. She was then converted into a training ship and re-christened ''Dvina''. The ''Dvina'' was decommissioned in 1905.〔 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Derzhava (yacht)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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